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This article reviews the clinical studies about the treatment of allergic rhinitis （AR） with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in recent years. AR is a common and frequently occurring disease in the department of otolaryngology. The common manifestations of AR include nasal congestion， sneezing， runny nose， and nasal itching. AR， belonging to the category of rhinitis， is a dominant disease in the TCM treatment of otorhinolaryngologic diseases and head and neck diseases. The ancient literature has laid a solid theoretical basis on the etiology and pathogenesis of AR. According to the ancient literature， the theoretical basis， and their own experience， modern doctors classified the causes of AR into the disorders in Zang-fu organs and six meridians. Most of the explanations focus on the disorders in Zang-fu organs， especially the lung， spleen， and kidney. The clinical studies in this field mainly involve TCM treatment alone， integrated TCM and Western medicine treatment， and TCM external treatment. These therapies have good efficacy in the clinical treatment of AR. Among them， TCM treatment alone has significant advantages in alleviating the symptoms and nasal signs， declining the scores of related scales， and reducing the eosinophil count （EOS） of nasal secretions， with definite long-term efficacy. Integrated TCM and Western medicine treatment can complement with each other. The TCM external treatment methods include acupuncture， moxibustion， acupoint catgut embedding， acupoint application， and nasal irrigation with TCM， which are safe， simple， acceptable by patients and have good therapeutic effect. Finally， the clinical research status of TCM treatment of AR was summarized， and suggestions were put forward from three aspects： standardizing the clinical research protocol of TCM， encouraging pure TCM research， and exploring the mechanism of TCM treatment on the basis of frontier research achievements. This review aims to provide higher-level evidence for subsequent clinical research and promote the research on dominant AR diseases.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and the maximum diaphragm excursion(Dmax)observed on ultrasound in the elderly.Methods:Elderly volunteers(age≥60 years)were recruited from family members of patients at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital.Their Dmax during forced inhalation was measured via ultrasound.The parameters for the diagnosis of sarcopenia included the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI), handgrip strength and usual gait speed.We compared the differences in physical characteristics, pulmonary ventilation, physical performance and Dmax between patients with and without sarcopenia, and evaluated the relationship between sarcopenia and DEmax in the elderly via linear regression.Results:A total of 145 elderly volunteers[age(69.47±5.15)years]were included, and 28(19.31%)were diagnosed with sarcopenia.Body weight, ASMI, maximum inspiratory pressure(Pinmax), maximal power output(Wmax)and Dmax of patients with sarcopenia were significantly lower than those of patients without sarcopenia(all P<0.05).Dmax in the elderly was correlated with sex, height, ASMI, handgrip strength, usual gait speed, Pinmax and Wmax( r=0.181, 0.130, 0.322, 0.373, 0.401, 0.134, and 0.388, P=0.012, 0.037, 0.009, 0.002, 0.022, 0.009, and 0.002, respectively).After adjusting for sex, age, height and forced vital capacity(FVC), there was still a negative correlation between sarcopenia and Dmax in the elderly( β=-0.310, P=0.021). Conclusions:Dmax is related to Pinmax and physical performance in the elderly, and sarcopenia increases the risk of decline in the maximum diaphragm excursion in the elderly as observed on ultrasound.
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Objective:To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinical characteristics, imaging characteristics and prognosis of patients with primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBH).Methods:The clinical data of 114 PBH patients admitted in 909th Hospital of PLA (the Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University) from February 2016 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the BMI, the patients were divided into the normal group (BMI<24 kg/m 2, 71 cases) and the overweight/obese group (BMI≥24 kg/m 2, 43 cases). The clinical and imaging characteristics of the two groups were compared, and the factors affecting the prognosis of the PBH patients were analyzed by univariate analysis and Cox multivariate regression model. Results:More patients in the overweight/obese group had histories of hypertension (86.05% vs. 69.01%, P = 0.041), diabetes (37.21% vs. 9.86%, P<0.01), and heart disease (20.93% vs. 5.63%, P = 0.013) than the normal group. The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, LDL, TG, WHR, and the incidences of coma, convulsions, central fever in overweight/obese group were significantly higher than those in normal group: (172.83±26.15) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (159.28±31.67) mmHg, (98.36±15.57) mmHg vs. (89.52±13.26) mmHg, (8.64±1.53) mmol/L vs. (7.95±1.28) mmol/L, (3.51±1.29) mmol/L vs. (2.95±1.04) mmol/L, (5.94±2.27) mmol/L vs. (2.19±0.86) mmol/L, 1.29±0.21 vs. 2.19±0.86, 48.84% vs. 25.35%, 30.23% vs. 14.08%, and 44.19% vs. 23.94%, the GCS score was significantly lower than that in the normal group: (4.69±1.87) scores vs. (6.37±1.52) scores, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05 or<0.01). Compared with the normal group, there were significant differences in the bleeding site ( χ2 = 5.64, P = 0.010), bleeding volume ( χ2 = 5.35, P = 0.013), combined ventricular hemorrhage ( χ2 = 9.21, P = 0.002) and hydrocephalus ( χ2 = 4.79, P = 0.029). Multivariate analysis showed that BMI ( OR = 4.11, 95% CI 3.84 to 4.64, P = 0.039), history of hypertension ( OR = 8.71, 95% CI 6.28 to 9.52, P = 0.021), GCS score ( OR = 0.05, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.12, P = 0.012), bleeding volume ( OR = 3.09, 95% CI 2.16 to 4.03, P = 0.041), combined ventricular hemorrhage ( OR = 4.34, 95% CI 2.96 to 5.12, P = 0.023) and hydrocephalus ( OR = 6.40, 95% CI 5.63 to 6.89, P = 0.027) were all independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of PBH patients. Conclusions:BMI has a greater impact on the prognosis of PBH. Overweight/obese PBH patients also have hypertension history, low GCS score, large amount of bleeding, ventricular hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, etc., which should be paid more attention to by clinicians, positively control the progress of the disease and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between the muscle mass loss and severe postoperative pulmonary complications(PPC)in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:Elderly patients with NSCLC undergoing lobectomy at the Lung Cancer Institute and the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were recruited from Feb.2019 to Dec.2019.Data of the body composition, lung function, respiratory muscle strength test, cardiopulmonary exercise test were collected before operation.All patients were grouped into two groups: with versus without severe PPC at 30 d after operation.The differences of the above parameters were compared between the two groups.A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for severe PPC.Results:In this study, 120 elderly NSCLC patients undergoing lobectomy were recruited, All evaluations were completed in 113 patients(aged 68.13±7.01 years)in whom, 21(18.58%, 21/113)patients had serious PPC.Compared with patients without PPC, patients with severe PPC had a lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI)(5.67±0.90 kg/m 2vs.7.71±1.40 kg/m 2, t=3.900, P=0.001), a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV 1)(1.85±0.40 L vs.2.12±0.57 L, t=2.412, P=0.027), a lower maximal mid-expiratory flow(MMF)(1.40±0.69 L/s vs.2.11±1.09 L/s, t=2.502, P=0.021), a lower maximum inspiratory pressure(Pimax)(55.13±32.52 cmH 2O vs.64.71±20.60, t=0.778, P=0.047, 1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa), a lower maximal oxygen consumption(Vo 2max)(1.14±0.41 L/min vs.1.40±0.34 L/min, t=0.779, P=0.046), a lower peak O 2 consumption(Vo 2max@kg)(20.00±1.91 L·min -1·kg -1vs.22.33±2.37 L·min -1·kg -1, t=0.813, P=0.041). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that in addition to FEV 1( OR=2.824, 95% CI: 1.127-5.158, P=0.001)and Vo 2max@kg( OR=3.149, 95%CI: 1.829-6.592, P<0.001), ASMI was also an independent risk factor for serious PPC( OR=1.919, 95% CI: 1.604-3.466, P=0.006), in which the best cut-off value was 6.295 kg/m 2, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.816 and 0.818 respectively, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)was 0.887(95% CI: 0.793-0.981, P<0.0001). Conclusions:Muscle mass loss can increase the risk for the occurrence of severe PPC within 30 days after lobectomy in elderly patients with NSCLC.
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Objective@#To investigate the correlations of indexes of isokinetic muscle testing with grip, the circumference of muscle, the time up and go test(TUGT), and the distance of 6-minutes walk test(6MWT). And to identify the availability of isokinetic muscle testing in diagnosing sarcopenia in the elderly.@*Methods@#A total of 27 elderly patients with sarcopenia admitted in rehabilitation department of our hospital from Jan.2017 to Dec.2017 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.Patients were evaluated in many aspects, including comprehensive evaluation by the comprehensive assessment, the skeletal muscle mass detection by dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry, the power of gripping by dynamometer, the circumference of muscle of upper and lower extremities, the muscle strength by isokinetic muscle testing, the sports ability by TUGT and 6MWT.@*Results@#Isokinetic muscle testing including the knee flexion, knee extension, elbow extension, wrist extension, TUGT, 6MWT, the power of left gripping, the circumference of left forearm muscle showed a negative correlations to the age(r=-0.54, -0.44, -0.52, -0.61, -0.53, -0.41 and-0.39, P<0.05). A positive correlation were observed between TUGT and the age(r=0.44, P<0.05). The positive correlations between every index in isokinetic muscles testing and the power of both left and right gripping were observed(r=0.66, 0.67, 0.67, 0.67, 0.56, 0.62, 0.54, 0.54, 0.64, 0.59, 0.59 and 0.56, P<0.05). The knee flexion, knee extension, elbow flexion, elbow extension and wrist extension of Isokinetic muscle testing showed a positive correlations to 6MWT(r=0.71, 0.65, 0.62, 0.60 and 0.59, P<0.05). The knee flexion, knee extension, elbow extension and wrist extension of isokinetic muscle testing showed a negative correlations to TUGT(r=-0.57, -0.52, -0.42 and-0.48, P<0.05). Every index of isokinetic muscle testing showed a positive correlations to the circumference of both forearms(r=0.45, 0.47, 0.52, 0.42, 0.41, 0.44, 0.49, 0.52、0.60, 0.54, 0.44 and 049, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Isokinetic muscle testing can accurately evaluate the changes of muscle strength in the elderly with sarcopenia.It can be considered as the reference index of motor function in diagnosing sarcopenia in the elderly.
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Objective To investigate the correlations of indexes of isokinetic muscle testing with grip,the circumference of muscle,the time up and go test(TUGT),and the distance of 6-minutes walk test(6MWT).And to identify the availability of isokinetic muscle testing in diagnosing sarcopenia in the elderly.Methods A total of 27 elderly patients with sarcopenia admitted in rehabilitation department of our hospital from Jan.2017 to Dec.2017 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.Patients were evaluated in many aspects,including comprehensive evaluation by the comprehensive assessment,the skeletal muscle mass detection by dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry,the power of gripping by dynamometer,the circumference of muscle of upper and lower extremities,the muscle strength by isokinetic muscle testing,the sports ability by TUGT and 6MWT.Results Isokinetic muscle testing including the knee flexion,knee extension,elbow extension,wrist extension,TUGT,6MWT,the power of left gripping,the circumference of left forearm muscle showed a negative correlations to the age(r=-0.54,-0.44,-0.52,-0.61,-0.53,-0.41 and-0.39,P ＜0.05).A positive correlation were observed between TUGT and the age (r =0.44,P ＜ 0.05).The positive correlations between every index in isokinetic muscles testing and the power of both left and right gripping were observed(r =0.66,0.67,0.67,0.67,0.56,0.62,0.54,0.54,0.64,0.59,0.59 and 0.56,P＜0.05).The knee flexion,knee extension,elbow flexion,elbow extension and wrist extension of Isokinetic muscle testing showed a positive correlations to 6MWT(r =0.71,0.65,0.62,0.60 and 0.59,P＜0.05).The knee flexion,knee extension,elbow extension and wrist extension of isokinetic muscle testing showed a negative correlations to TUGT (r =-0.57,-0.52,-0.42 and-0.48,P＜0.05).Every index of isokinetic muscle testing showed a positive correlations to the circumference of both forearms(r =0.45,0.47,0.52,0.42,0.41,0.44,0.49,0.52、0.60,0.54,0.44 and 049,P＜0.05).Conclusions Isokinetic muscle testing can accurately evaluate the changes of muscle strength in the elderly with sarcopenia.It can be considered as the reference index of motor function in diagnosing sarcopenia in the elderly.
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Objective To investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of magnetic resonance neuronavigation assisted technique in neurosurgical clipping of pericallosal aneurysms. Methods From January 2010 to January 2017,40 consecutive patients with pericallosal aneurysm treated with neurosurgical clipping at the Department of Neurosurgery,the 175th Hospital of PLA were enrolled retrospectively. They were diagnosed by CT angiography (CTA),magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)or digital subtraction angiography (DSA)before operation. According to the different surgical methods,40 patients were divided into either a routine surgical group (n＝18)or a neuronavigation assistance group (n＝22). On the basis of the conventional longitudinal fissure approach,the neuronavigation assistance group was treated with the magnetic resonance neuronavigation technique. The aneurysms and upper drainage vein,design incision and surgical approaches were accurately located. The operation time,surgical complications (edema or infarction after drainage vein injury and secondary bleeding in the operated area)and proportion of good prognosis (the modified Rankin scale [mRS]score ＜3)were compared. Results (1)Under the microscope,40 patients underwent clipping of pericallosal aneurysms via longitudinal fissure approach. Postoperative CTA or DSA confirmed that they were all completed clipped. The operation time of the neuronavigation assistance group were shorter than that of the routine surgical group (2. 5 ± 0. 5 h vs. 3. 5 ± 0. 4 h,t＝1. 254),and the proportion of edema or venous infarction was less than that of the routine surgical group (4. 5%[1／22]vs. 6／18). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (all P＜0. 05);there were no significant differences in the incidences of accidental rupture and secondary hemorrhage between the two groups (all P＞0. 05). (2)Both groups of patients completed the 6-month follow-up. There were 12 patients (12／18)with good prognosis in the routine surgery group and 20 (90. 9%)with good prognosis in the neuronavigation assistance group. There was no significant difference in the proportion of good prognosis between the two groups (χ2＝3. 545,P＞0. 05). Conclusions The use of magnetic resonance neuronavigation assisted technique helps the precise intraoperative positioning of the lesions and surgical approach optimization,thereby effectively implementing brain protection,reducing the risk of microsurgery, and improving the accuracy and safety of the surgery. It is an effective auxiliary means of neurosurgical clipping of pericallosal aneurysms.
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Objective:To investigate the impact of active cycle of breathing technique(ACBT) and conventional air way clearance therapy(percussion and vibration) on fast track recovery after pulmonary lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer.Method:A total of 78 lung cancer patient were chosen from 106 lung cancer patient admitted to Guangdong general hospital between January 2016 and January 2017.During study period,two patients dropped out in each group and 74 patients were included in the analysis finally.They were randomly allocated into experimental group (experimental group,37 patients including 23 males and 14 females with their average age of 56.05± 10.57 years)and control group (control group,37 patients including 21 males and 16 females with their average age of 59.35±10.57 years).There was no statistical difference in preoperative clinical characteristics.Patients in the control group had routine postoperative percussive and vibration chest physiotherapy ten minutes for every time,twice a day.Participants in the ACBT group received ACBT treatment for twice a day,6-8 cycle every time after surgery.The total hospital stay,postoperative hospital stay,length of chest tube removal and recovery level of cardiopulmonary function were compared between the 2 groups.Result:The length of chest tube removal of experiment group were significantly less than that of control group (1.41±0.60 vs 2.84±1.07 P＜0.05).Patients in the ACBT group showed significant improvement in cardiopulmonary function assessed by 6MWD and the less change in pulmonary function(FEVI and FVC) relative to the preoperation on the fourth day after surgery (377.46±67.95 vs 328.48±89.17,0.55±0.38 vs 1.03±0.45,0.84±0.20 vs 1.22±0.48,P＜0.05).Although the total hospital stay and postoperative hospital stay of experiment group were less than the control group(11.76±3.56 vs 13.73±4.90,5.56±2.64 vs 6.16±2.40,P＞0.05,there was no statistical difference.Conclusion:Compared with conventional air way clearance therapy(percussion and vibration),the ACBT can shorten the length of chest tube removal and promote the recovery of postoperative cardiopulmonary function,which is helpful for fast track recovery of NSCL patient after pulmonary lobectomy.
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Objective@#To investigate the effects of hesperetin on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and related mechanisms.@*Methods@#H9c2 cells were divided into 4 groups: control group (cells were cultured without intervention), PM2.5 group (cells were treated with 800 µg/ml PM2.5), hesperetin group (H group, cells were treated by 40 µmol/L hesperetin for 1 h at 37 ℃), and hesperetin+PM2.5 group (H+PM2.5 group, cells were pretreated with hesperetin before PM2.5 treatment). Cells were cultured for corresponding interval. Apoptotic cells were detected by Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit and Hoechst staining. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by DCFH-DA Fluorescence Probe and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected with JC-1 staining, respectively in these groups. Apoptotic related protein and phosphorylated MAPK expression levels were determined by Western blot.@*Results@#(1) Flow cytometry results showed that the apoptosis rate of PM2.5 group ((48.94±3.20)%) was significantly higher than that of control group ((8.13±1.40)%, P<0.01), which was significantly reduced in H+PM2.5 group ((34.80±2.21)%) (P=0.003 2 vs. PM2.5 group, P<0.01 vs. control group). The number of Hoechst 33258 positive apoptotic cells was distinctly less in H+PM2.5 group than in PM2.5 group. (2) The ROS levels was significantly higher in PM2.5 group ((49.69±5.05)%) than in control group (10.57±1.33)%, P<0.01), which was significantly reduced in H+PM2.5 group ((35.08±3.90)%) (P=0.000 2 vs. PM2.5 group, P<0.01 vs. control group). (3) Green fluorescence indicating the JC-1 monomer form, which represented MMP loss of H9c2 cells, was significantly higher in PM2.5 group ((20.28±4.69)%) than in control group ((10.50±2.72)%, P<0.01), which was significantly decreased in H+PM2.5 group ((13.41±2.89)%) (P<0.01 vs. PM2.5 group, P=0.029 4 vs. control group). (4) The expression levels of Bcl-2 protein of H9c2 cells was lower in PM2.5 group ((76.94±4.52)%) than in control group (100%, P=0.000 9), which was significantly upregulated in H+PM2.5 group ((92.95±6.82)%) (P=0.027 5 vs. PM2.5 group, P=0.15 vs. control group). The expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 protein of H9c2 cells was significantly higher in PM2.5 group ((243.98±17.94)%) than in control group (100%, P=0.000 2), which was significantly downregulated in H+PM2.5 group ((200.45±4.31)%) (P=0.015 vs. PM2.5 group, P<0.01 vs. control group). (5) The expression levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein of H9c2 cells was higher in PM2.5 group ((118.90±4.78)%) than in control group(100%, P=0.002 7), which could be significantly downregulated in H+PM2.5 group ((103.30±1.27)%) (P=0.01 vs. PM2.5 group, P=0.05 vs. control group). The expression levels of phosphorylated ERK protein of H9c2 cells was higher in PM2.5 group ((163.50±4.98)%) than in control group (100%, P<0.01), which was significantly downregulated in H+PM2.5 group ((139.10±2.72)%) (P=0.001 6 vs. PM2.5 group, P<0.01 vs. control group).@*Conclusions@#Hesperetin protects H9c2 cells from PM2.5 stimulation through reducing oxidative stress and protecting mitochondrial function, regulating the expression of apoptotic associated proteins as well as MAPK signal pathway, thus inhibiting H9c2 cells apoptosis.
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Objective To study the mechanism by which mechano growth factor (MGF) promotes the migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).Methods MSCs were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with MGF at various concentrations.Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of RhoA protein and its downstream p-MYPT,as well as p-FAK and t-FAK proteins related to focal adhesion kinase.The aim was to illustrate the effect of MGF in regulating the cytoskeleton of MSCs and the formation of focal adhesion.C3 toxin was used to inhibit RhoA activity and western blotting was used to examine the expression of p-MYPT,and the focal adhesion kinases p-FAK and t-FAK.Transwell assays were used to examine MSCs' migration ability,and immunofluorescence was conducted to examine the formation of F-actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion.Results MGF can significantly promote the expression of MSCs' RhoA and its downstream protein p-MYPT.The effect is dose-dependent.The expression of RhoA and p-MYPT increased most significantly at 50 μM concentration.The ratio of p-FAK to t-FAK indicates that MGF can activate focal adhesion kinase and promote adhesion.C3 toxin significantly inhibited FAK activation.Transwell assays showed that MGF can significantly promote MSC migration,but pretreatment with C3 toxin inhibited it.The immunofluorescence results show that MGF can promote the rearrangement of MSCs' F-actin cytoskeleton and the formation of focal adhesion.C3 toxin disrupted MSCs cytoskeletons and decreased focal adhesion.Conclusion MGF promotes MSCs' migration through RhoA-and kinase-mediated cytoskeleton rearrangement and the formation of focal adhesion.
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AIM:To explore the mechanisms underlying contraction induced by extracelluar acidosis (pHex6.8) in rat isolated coronary artery (RCA).METHODS:Using the microvessel tension recorder system, the effects of acid-base transporters on RCA contraction induced by pHex6.8 were explored by applying the selective pharmacological inhibitors of Na+-H+ exchanger 1 (NHE-1) and Na+-HCO-3 cotransporter (NBC), HOE-642 and S0859, respectively.The effects of chloride channel on RCA contraction induced by pHex6.8 were explored by applying the inhibitors of chloride channel (NPPB and NFA), and by replacing the extracellular NaCl with equimolar NaBr.RESULTS:pHex6.8 augmented the resting tension of RCA, and the maximum contraction was (3.90±0.95) mN.HOE-642 at 30 μmol/L and S0859 at 100 μmol/L both inhibited the contraction of RCA induced by pHex6.8 (P<0.01).NPPB and NFA both inhibited the contraction of RCA induced by pHex6.8 or KCl (60 mmol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner.NPPB and NFA (100 μmol/L) both inhibited the contraction of RCA induced by U46619 (1 μmol/L).Replacing the extracellular NaCl with equimolar NaBr almost completely inhibited RCA contraction induced by pHex6.8 (P<0.01), but had no obvious effect on the contraction induced by KCl (60 mmol/L) or U46619 (1 μmol/L).CONCLUSION:Extracellular acidosis-induced contraction in RCA may be related to the activated NHE-1 and NBC, and it may be also related to the enhanced chloride transport across the membrane.
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Aim To investigate the vasodilatory effect of Ferulic acid on in vitro rat coronary artery and its possible mechanism. Methods By using the mi-crovessel tension recorder system, the vasodilatory effect of FA on resting and contractin-vitro rat coronary artery was determined;the influence of endothelial in-tegrity to FA-induced vasorelaxation was observed; the relationship of FA on [ Ca2+] ex-influx-induced and [ Ca2+] in-efflux-induced contractions was discussed;the mechanism of vasodilatory effect of FA was ex-plored by applying the inhibitors of KCa(TEA),KATP channel ( Gli ) , KIR channel ( BaCl2 ) , KV ( 4-AP ) , NOS( L-NAME) and COX( Indo) . Results FA had no effect on the resting tension of in vitro rat coronary artery. FA dilated the in-vitro rat coronary artery pre-treated with KCl ( 60 mmol · L-1 ) , U46619 ( 1 μmol · L-1 ) and PE ( 10μmol · L-1 ) in a concentration-dependent fashion ( P 0. 05 ) . Conclusion The diastolic func-tion could be related to the activation of KV channel on vascular smooth muscle cells, the free Ca2+ from Sar-coplasmic reticulum cells and blockade extracellular Calcium channel do not depend on KCa, KATP, KIR channel, nor the endothelial function.
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Objective To investigate the protective effects of antioxidant taurine plus metoprolol on the blood pressure(BP)and blood vessel function of elderly spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).Methods SHRs were divided into three groups (6 rats,each):metoprolol group (100 mg · kg-1 · d-1,intragastric administration);taurine group (200 mg · kg-1 · d-1,intraperitoneal injection);taurine plus metoprolol group(metoprolol 100 mg· kg-1 · d-1,intragastric administration ± taurine 200 mg· kg-1 · d-1,intraperitoneal injection).The control group[6 Wistar-Kyoto(WKY) rats]was treated with the same volume of sterile normal saline on the same schedule in intragastric administration and intraperitoneal injection.Blood pressure variability(BPV),diurnal variation of BP,the level of glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px),malonaldehyde (MDA) and the aorta GSTM1 enzyme expression were evaluated before and 14 days after treatment.Results The serum GSH-Px activities were higher in metoprolol group[(2 759.8 ± 117.6) kU/L],taurine group [(2 848.0 ± 280.2) kU/L] and taurine plus metoprolol group[(3 052.8±283.7)kU/L]than in control group[(2 368.0± 60.4) kU/L] (all P＜0.05).Fourteen days after treatment,MDA level was significantly lower in taurine group[(9.5±0.7)ng/L,P＜0.01]than in control group[(13.7±1.5)ng/L].However,there was no statistical difference in MDA level between metoprolol group/taurine plus metoprolol group and control group.Forty weeks after treatment with taurine,GSTM1 protein expression was increased,but it had no statistical difference.Conclusions The combined antioxidant taurine and metoprolol can effectively decrease BPV of elderly SHRs,in which the antioxidant effect might be associated with elevated GSTM1 protein expression.
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AIM: To investigate the effects of the sera from the rats after limb ischemic preconditioning (LIPC) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).METHODS:The HUVECs were divided into 5 groups:the cells in control group were cultured without any intervention;the cells in model group (M) were damaged by 1 mmol/L H2O2 for 2 h;the cells in early preconditioning serum (EPS) group, delayed pre-conditioning serum (DPS) group or sham limb ischemic preconditioning serum (SPS) group were treated with the corre-sponding serum at 5%for 12 h, respectively , and then treaed with H 2 O2 for 2 h.The viability of the HUVECs was ana-lyzed by flow cytometry .The lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) in the culture media was detected .The cell adhesion molecules in the HUVECs were detected by real-time PCR.The mRNA and protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was also determined .RESULTS:The viability of HUVECs incubated with 1 mmol/L H2 O2 for 2 h significantly decreased compared with the control cells , which was accompanied with the augmentations of LDH in the medium and the cell adhesion mole -cules in cells , such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( VCAM-1 ) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ) . Preincubation with EPS and DPS derived from the rats subjected LIPC attenuated these injuries .Furthermore, pretreatment with EPS and DPS increased the expression of HO-1 at mRNA and protein levels .CONCLUSION:LIPC protects the HU-VECs from H2O2-induced injury.
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Objective To study the relationship between the constant work rate exercises and dynamic hyperinflation in patients with stable COPD. Methods Routine lung ventilation function and 80%Wmax constant power bicycle ergometer exercises were tested in 30 stable COPD patients. We analyzed the correlation coefficient of Time of tolerant exercise , degree of dyspnea , VO2 max%, VO2 @kgmax% and IC%. Results All COPD patients existed varying degrees of exercise capacity accompaning with dynamic hyperinflation in the bicycle ergometer exercises. By Spearman correlation analysis , the VO2 @kg% of constant power exercises in patients with COPD is correlated with the DH% (r = -0.480, P = 0.007) and ICq% (r = 0.667, P = 0.01). Conclusion Dynamic hyperinflation is probably the prominent factors for the capability of constant work rate exercises in patients with stable COPD. Inhibition of dynamic hyperinflation may help improve exercise capability in patients with constant power exercise.
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Objective To study the effect of electrical stimulation breath training on lung function of patients following pulmonary lobectomy. Methods 62 patients following pulmonary lobectomy were randomly allocated into experimental group (n=30 )and control group (n=32). The experimental group received a 4-week supervised electrical stimulation breath training program using an electric stimulus feedback trainer (20mins per time, 3 times per week);The control group received postoperative routine nursing. Cadiopulmonary function evaluation of 2 groups were tested before and after the experiment. The evaluation included the 6-min walking test (6MWD), FVC, FEV1,W,AT and VO2max/kg. Results After 4 week training, the value of 6MWD,W,FVC,FEV1 all improved, compared to the baseline value (P < 0.05) and the value of 6MWD,W,FVC,FEV1 were more obvious in experimental group, compared to control group(P<0.05). The AT value and the VO2max/kg value increased than the baseline value (P<0.05)and the improvement degree was more remarkable in experimental group than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Electrical stimulation breath training can improve cardiopulmonary function of the patients following pulmonary lobectomy.
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Objective To optimize the extraction and inclusion process of mixed volatile oil of Rhizoma acori graminei, Fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae and Rhizoma chuanxiong in Huangpu Tongqiao Capsules. Methods With steam distillation method, extraction amount as indicator, the orthogonal experiment was used to optimze the extraction process of volatile oil from three factors such as water amount, soak time and extraction time. With saturated aqueous solution method, co-inclusion compound yield and volatile oil rate as indicators, the orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the inclusion process from three factors such as the proportion of volatile oil and β-CD, inclusion time and inclusion temperature. Results The optimum extraction was:adding eight times amount of water and soak for 2 hours to extract 7 hours. The optimum inclusion process was:the proportion of volatile oil andβ-CD was 1∶10, the inclusion time was 3 hours, the inclusion temperature was 40 ℃. Conclusion Optimal extraction process of oil has higher rate, and the volatile oil inclusion rate of inclusion process was also higher, the process is stable.
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BACKGROUND:The repair and management of ful-thickness skin defects resulting from burns and chronic wounds remain a significant unmet clinical chal enge. Using epidermal stem cel s and keratinocyte growth factor for ful-thickness wound repair is a promising approach. Low-frequency electromagnetic fields which are a non-invasive physical stimulation therapy have been recognized as a good method to enhance wound healing. OBJECTIVE:To develop a new strategy to accelerate wound healing by transplanting transfected epidermal stem cel s and keratinocyte growth factor and treating with low-frequency electromagnetic fields in a mouse model. METHODS:Epidermal stem cel s from Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were isolated and cultured in vitro, then the cel s were labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine and transfected by Ad-KGF, a recombinant adenovirus carrying the keratinocyte growth factor. Mice were given to create ful thickness skin wound on the dorsum and randomly assigned to four groups:control group, transplantation of epidermal stem cel s group, transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s group, and transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s plus low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The best healing pattern was observed in the keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s plus low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure group (P<0.05) at days 9 and 16. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine labeled cel s existed in the wound in the treated groups at day 9. A significantly increased expression of endogenous keratinocyte growth factor was detected in the transplantation of Keratinocyte Growth Factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s group, and transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s plus low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure group at day 16. A wel-advanced epithelialization was observed in transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s plus low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure group at days 16 and 30. These results suggest that low-frequency electromagnetic fields enhanced wound healing fol owing the transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s.
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BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation is considered as a promising therapy for spinal cord injury. How to more effectively promote the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in the area of spinal cord injury and to accelerate the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury is a current study focus. Previous studies have found that low-frequency electromagnetic fields can promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel proliferation and differentiation, but whether the low-frequency electromagnetic fields can be applied to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation for treatment of spinal cord injury requires further studies. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on motor function of spinal cord injury rats after transplantation of bone mesenchymal stem cel s. METHODS:Sixty-four rat models of incomplete spinal cord injury at T 10 were established by compression method and then randomized into control group, transplantation group (bone mesenchymal stem cel transplantation), electromagnetic field group and combination group (electromagnetic field+bone mesenchymal stem cel transplantation). After successful modeling, bone mesenchymal stem cel s labeled with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine were injected into the original injured site in the transplantation group and combination group, which were isolated and purified with the fast adherence method;while alpha-minimum essential medium was injected into the electromagnetic field group and control group for instead. At 24 hours post-operation, the electromagnetic field group and combination group were explored to low-frequency electromagnetic fields (frequency 50 Hz, magnetic indaction intensity 5 mT) for 60 minutes per day. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After cel transplantation for 21 days, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores in the combination group was higher than the other groups (P<0.05). 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine positive cel s grew wel , and integrated into the normal spine;syringomyelia was reduced, and the number of spinal neural cel s was increased in the combination group. In addition, glial fibril ary acidic protein expression was decreased in the combination group, while matrix metal oproteinase 2 expression was increased. It indicates that low-frequency electromagnetic fields could promote recovery of motor function in the spinal cord injury rats transplanted with bone mesenchymal stem cel s, which could be associated that low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate the survival of transplanted bone mesenchymal stem cel s, up-regulate the expression of matrix metal oproteinase 2, and reduce glial scar formation in the spinal cord injured site.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of dual-source CT angiography (DSCTA) for intracranial aneurysms.Methods The data of DSCTA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were collected from 95 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).The efficacies of detection and description of morphologic features of intracranial aneurysms were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 117 aneurysms in 88 patients were detected with DSCTA.Two patients were suspected of having aneurysms,and no aneurysrms were detected in 5 patients.These patients were reexamined with DSA,4 were diagnosed as having aneurysm,and the aneurysms were not detected in 3 patients.DSA results were considered as gold standard,the specificity,sensitivity and accuracy of DSCTA for the detection of intracranial aneurysms were 100％,96.7％and 96.8％,respectively.The larger volume of intracranial aneurysm was,the higher the sensitivity of DSCTA diagnosis would be.Even for small aneurysms,the sensitivity of DSCTA diagnose was more than 90％.In addition,tmeasurement results of the maximum diameter and neck width of aneurysms measured by DSCTA were almost consistent with DSA.Condclusions SCTA is a non-invasive,quick,reliable,and effective method,and can provide accurate imaging information for surgery.The specificity and sensitivity of the diagnosis of aneurysms with DSCTA are almost the same with DSA.It has more advantages than DSA in the emergency operation of intracranial aneurysms.